Free Color Purple Essays: Strength of the Black Woman Revealed :: Color Purple Essays

Strength of the Black Woman Revealed in The Color Purple The story tells of one lady who, through actualisation and hardship, discovers the proficient, content, and proud woman repressed inside of a young shut-mouthed girl. The Color Purple, the third novel written by the Pulitzer Prize winning author Alice Walker, has been twain respected and berated in numerous essays and reviews. Although the critics agree to disagree about many aspects of this novel one thing is clear, The Color Purple affirms the survival and liberation of vague women through the strength and wisdom of others. (Draper, 1810) In Walkers personal view, the black womans history falls into three wooden legs the woman suspended, the artist thwarted and hindered in her desires to create, living through two centuries when her main role was to be cheap source of cheap labor in the American society, and the modern woman. (Washington, 139) The feminist Alice Walker writes in a circulatory pattern. Her female charact ers move in a common three-stage cycle 1)the suspended woman-cruelly exploited, and spirits and bodies mutilated, 2)the thwarted woman-desires most to be a part of mainstream American life, and 3)the modern woman-exhibits the qualities of the developing emergent model. Before Celie, our main character, makes her way into the cycle the story sets her as a child, eager to learn, love, and enjoying life. She and Nettie, her, sister attend school on a regular basis, complete all of their chores, and still make time to talk, to play, and/or to just spend time together. Then, just as Celie reaches womanhood, she finds her way into the offset printing stage the suspended woman. The suspended woman plays the role of the inclement exploit with a warped spirit as well as body. Celies body is kickoff desecrated through her stepfathers sexual misconduct. Succeeding this comes continuing sexual and physical abuse by her husband Mr. ______. Here, Celie slips into the second stage the thwarted w oman. In this stage the character desires most to become a part of mainstream American society. In most cases, they are also victims of psychological abuse that alienates them from their roots and real arrive at to the world. The desecration and abuse her body survives, notwithstanding, her spirit is broken when not only have her children been taken away from her by her stepfather, but Nettie is forced, by Albert, to leave he and Celies house.

Underlying Corruption :: Underlying Corruption Short Story Essays

Underlying CorruptionLong shadows meandered through the darkened house, lightning strobing their actions on the walls. Jeremy stood in the dark kitchen, holding a small emergency candle and a box of matches. Barefoot in jeans, and an unbuttoned flannel, his relaxed look belied his state of mind. The sights and sounds of the night do him pause. Holding stalk still, he listened intently, hoping for the sounds to be the dog or maybe some farm animals. The noises that greeted him were nothing of the sort. The wind and rain made the trees creek and the windows rattle. despicable through the old house, Jeremy tripped over assorted furniture, trying to navigate in the random illumination. The electricity had gone out a couple of minutes before, going only the lightning to help Jeremy find the kitchen. Outside, the wind was hammering at the windows. Soft grass crumpled under foreign, unliving feet. Around the house, the creators of those shadows moved slowly past the windows. Jeremy last got the candle lit and headed toward the silverware drawer. The wandering flame of the candle painted more eerie shadows on the kitchen walls. Grabbing a hand full of knives, he selected the largest, and armed himself. purblind feet trudged along the cracked sidewalk, outside. A torn pantleg dragged behind, snagging the bushes. The smell of wet concrete mixed with noxious odors. Another strange shadow passed the kitchen window. Jeremy caught only the tail hold on of it in a random flash of lightning. Tightening his grip on the knife, he stood listening. The sounds that came were not encouraging. As the pale, torn hand snatched at the screen admittance handle, a ragged foot slapped flatly on the first step, outside. Pieces of insect-eaten flesh hung lifelessly. A bony finger slowly groped for the screen door button. The dull ashen bone scratched along the black metal. Inside, the sound echoed in the heavy silence. Jeremy froze, whence turned toward the door. A low groan rose up in his pharynx as terror wrapped its icy fingers around his heart. Another strobe of lightning silhouetted a dark figure in the doorway. Jeremy stared at the door for a second, then ran to the master bedroom, down the hall. Knife in hand, he rounded the corner and into the room. Throwing open the closet door, he dove in. Nervously, yet trying to be highly quiet, he rifled through the closet.

Dantes Inferno - A Religious and Morally Challenging Experience :: Divine Comedy Inferno Essays

Dantes Inferno - A Religious and Morally Challenging bonk Dante Alighieri, one of the greatest poets of the Middle Ages, was born(p) in Florence, Italy on June 5, 1265. He was born to a middle-class Florentine family. At an early age he began to write poem and became fascinated with lyrics. During his adolescence, Dante fell inlove with a beautiful girl named Beatrice Portinari. He saw her only twice but she provided much inspiration for his literary masterpieces. Her death at a young age left him grief-stricken. His first book, La Vita Nuova, was written about her. Sometime before 1294, Dante married Gemma Donati. They had four children. Dante was active in the political and military life of Florence. He entered the army as a youth and held several important positions in the Florence government during the 1290s. During his life, Florence was divided politically between Guelphs and Ghibellines. The Guelphs supported the church and liked to keep things as they were, unlike the Ghibellines. The Ghibellines were mostly supporters of the German emperor and at the time Dante was born, were relieved of their power. When this change took place, the Guelphs for whom Dantes family was associated took power. Although born into a Guelph family, Dante became more neutral later in life realizing that the church was corrupt, believing it should only be involved in spiritual affairs. At the overthrow of the century, Dante rose from city councilman to ambassador of Florence. His career ended in 1301 when the Black Guelph and their French allies seized control of the city. They took Dantes possessions and sentenced him to be permanently banished from Florence, threatening the death penalty upon him if he returned. Dante spent most of his time in exile writing new pieces of literature. It is believed that around 1307 he interrupts his unfinished work, Convivio, a reflection of his love poetry philosophy of the Roman tradition, to begin The Comedy ( later known as The Divine Comedy). He writes a book called De Vulgari Eloquentia explaining his idea to combine a number of Italian dialects to create a new national language. In 1310 he writes De Monarchia presenting Dantes case for a one-ruler world order. Among his works, his reputation rests on his last work, The Divine

Warming Up :: Personal Narrative Papers

Warming UpWhy is it always so cold in here? I said, aiming my voice in the direction of my parents.Its only 68, was the unvarying response from one of them. Thats room temperature. I couldnt understand why they kept the house so cold in the winter, 68 degrees during the day, 66 at night. Its more economical to keep the house at this temperature, my dad would tell me. How much money could it cost to heat the house a few degrees more? flush though I was sure our finances would not suffer if we used more heat, I never thought of my family as rich. Rather, by comparing my family with some(a) of my friends families, I thought we were comparatively poor. We never had many luxuries even our house was spartan. A few years ago, my dad and stepmom bought a plot of land in a new subdivision and designed a house. After it was built, it was obvious that we had the plainest house in the cul-de-sac. It was a one-story house with conservative beige siding and suddenly nothing fancy to make it sta nd out. All the other houses had two stories or decorative rows of brickwork or beautiful gables on the roof. I knew that these kinds of decorations did not coiffe cheap, and I thought that all our neighbors must be very rich to be able to build such fancy houses.If our house was not ornate, it was for sure well kept. My dad or I mowed the yard frequently so the grass wouldnt look ragged. Neat flowerbeds encircled the house, giving it the proper, orderly look that concourse demanded. Most adults I knew looked down on houses that did not meet this standard. Its too bad they couldnt fix that siding it would be a nice house otherwise, I would hear while passing a run-down home. Or someone else would say, Cant that family mow their lawn? Look how bad the neighborhood looks because of that one yard.My world was clean and tidy, organise and proper. I had spent all of my 16 years in the same town, raised with a standard of propriety. I knew, in an abstract sense, that there was meagre ness in the world. Even so, I thought my family was, if not poor, at least poorer than most families. But I rarely thought about poverty or living conditions at all.

The Existence of a Monopoly and Public Interest Essay -- Monopolies Ec

The Existence of a Monopoly and Public InterestA monopoly is defined as the fix supplier of a good or service withno close substitutes in a given price range. A pure monopoly bequeath then have a 100% market shargon i.e. the faithful is the industry. Theyexist and can only remain as monopolies if there are high barriers to doorway to the industry. In the case of a natural monopoly, economies ofscale are so large that any new entrant would find it impossible tomatch the cost and prices of the established firm in the industry.Other barriers to gate take on legal barriers such as patents,natural cost advantages such as ownership of totally key sites in theindustry, marketing barriers such as advertising, and limitingpractises designed to force any competition to leave the market. Inthis market structure it is also assumed profits are maximised andthere is consumer rationality.Traditionally monopoly is public opinion to be a potentially harmful marketstructure with unwelcome co nsequences for the consumer and theeconomy. Competition has continuously therefore been seen to be desirable.It could be said therefore to be against the public interest. Howeverthere are arguments not only against monopolies but also for theirexistence. whiz of the main arguments against monopolies is that they raiseprices, restrict output and therefore rap consumers. This isbecause the neo-classical theory of the firm assumes that a monopolist leave behind maximise profits which means it will produce where MC=MR. Theequilibrium profit maximising train of output will therefore be whereMC-MR. This is shown belowThe diagram above shows the firm will produce the quantity Qe and willcharge the price Pe. As the monopolist above is... ...s to largefirms in the economy. Should it split them up or promote such firms.Competition form _or_ system of government therefore reflects the attitude towards monopoly.At the fleck the UK has a pragmatic approach where monopoly can begood or bad. I t uses the monopolies and mergers commission to use acase-by-case approach. Competition policy is a government policy toinfluence the degree of competition in individual markets deep down theeconomy. Governments can also attempt to correct market chastening causedby monopolies by taxing supernormal profit away, set maximum pricelevels, subsidize production, nationalise the industry, break it up orreduce entry barriers.In the past economists have generally come out against monopolies andin favour of war-ridden markets. However, this is clearly notconclusive as monopolies have legion(predicate) potential advantages anddisadvantages. The Existence of a Monopoly and Public Interest Essay -- Monopolies EcThe Existence of a Monopoly and Public InterestA monopoly is defined as the sole supplier of a good or service withno close substitutes in a given price range. A pure monopoly willtherefore have a 100% market share i.e. the firm is the industry. Theyexist and can only remain as monopolies if there are high barriers toentry to the industry. In the case of a natural monopoly, economies ofscale are so large that any new entrant would find it impossible tomatch the costs and prices of the established firm in the industry.Other barriers to entry include legal barriers such as patents,natural cost advantages such as ownership of all key sites in theindustry, marketing barriers such as advertising, and restrictivepractises designed to force any competition to leave the market. Inthis market structure it is also assumed profits are maximised andthere is consumer rationality.Traditionally monopoly is thought to be a potentially harmful marketstructure with unwelcome consequences for the consumer and theeconomy. Competition has always therefore been seen to be desirable.It could be said therefore to be against the public interest. Howeverthere are arguments not only against monopolies but also for theirexistence.One of the main arguments against monop olies is that they raiseprices, restrict output and therefore exploit consumers. This isbecause the neo-classical theory of the firm assumes that a monopolistwill maximise profits which means it will produce where MC=MR. Theequilibrium profit maximising level of output will therefore be whereMC-MR. This is shown belowThe diagram above shows the firm will produce the quantity Qe and willcharge the price Pe. As the monopolist above is... ...s to largefirms in the economy. Should it split them up or promote such firms.Competition policy therefore reflects the attitude towards monopoly.At the moment the UK has a pragmatic approach where monopoly can begood or bad. I t uses the monopolies and mergers commission to use acase-by-case approach. Competition policy is a government policy toinfluence the degree of competition in individual markets within theeconomy. Governments can also attempt to correct market failure causedby monopolies by taxing supernormal profit away, set maximum pricel evels, subsidise production, nationalise the industry, break it up orreduce entry barriers.In the past economists have generally come out against monopolies andin favour of competitive markets. However, this is clearly notconclusive as monopolies have many potential advantages anddisadvantages.

The Existence of a Monopoly and Public Interest Essay -- Monopolies Ec

The Existence of a Monopoly and Public InterestA monopoly is defined as the sole supplier of a good or returns withno close substitutes in a given harm range. A pure monopoly result thereof build a 100% grocery circumstances i.e. the unshakable is the industry. Theyexist and can only remain as monopolies if there are spirited barriers to entre to the industry. In the case of a natural monopoly, economies of out touch on are so large that any new entrant would find it impossible tomatch the costs and hurts of the established firm in the industry.Other barriers to entry include legal barriers such as patents,natural cost advantages such as willpower of all key sites in theindustry, marketing barriers such as advertising, and restrictivepractises designed to force any competition to leave the market. Inthis market building it is similarly assumed profits are maximised andthere is consumer rationality.traditionally monopoly is thought to be a potentially harmful marketstructu re with unwelcome consequences for the consumer and theeconomy. contention has always because been seen to be desirable.It could be said therefore to be against the public interest. Howeverthere are arguments not only against monopolies but also for theirexistence.One of the main arguments against monopolies is that they raiseprices, restrict output and therefore exploit consumers. This isbecause the neo-classical theory of the firm assumes that a monopolistwill maximise profits which meaning it will produce where MC=MR. Theequilibrium profit maximise level of output will therefore be whereMC-MR. This is shown belowThe diagram above shows the firm will produce the quantity Qe and willcharge the price Pe. As the monopolist above is... ...s to largefirms in the economy. Should it split them up or arouse such firms. controversy policy therefore reflects the attitude towards monopoly.At the moment the UK has a pragmatic approach where monopoly can begood or bad. I t uses the monopo lies and mergers commission to use acase-by-case approach. Competition policy is a government policy toinfluence the degree of competition in item-by-item markets within theeconomy. Governments can also attempt to correct market failure causedby monopolies by taxing supernormal profit away, set maximum pricelevels, subsidise production, nationalise the industry, break it up or swerve entry barriers.In the past economists have generally come out against monopolies andin spare of competitive markets. However, this is clearly notconclusive as monopolies have many potential advantages anddisadvantages. The Existence of a Monopoly and Public Interest Essay -- Monopolies EcThe Existence of a Monopoly and Public InterestA monopoly is defined as the sole supplier of a good or service withno close substitutes in a given price range. A pure monopoly willtherefore have a 100% market share i.e. the firm is the industry. Theyexist and can only remain as monopolies if there are high barriers toentry to the industry. In the case of a natural monopoly, economies ofscale are so large that any new entrant would find it impossible tomatch the costs and prices of the established firm in the industry.Other barriers to entry include legal barriers such as patents,natural cost advantages such as ownership of all key sites in theindustry, marketing barriers such as advertising, and restrictivepractises designed to force any competition to leave the market. Inthis market structure it is also assumed profits are maximised andthere is consumer rationality.Traditionally monopoly is thought to be a potentially harmful marketstructure with unwelcome consequences for the consumer and theeconomy. Competition has always therefore been seen to be desirable.It could be said therefore to be against the public interest. Howeverthere are arguments not only against monopolies but also for theirexistence.One of the main arguments against monopolies is that they raiseprices, restric t output and therefore exploit consumers. This isbecause the neo-classical theory of the firm assumes that a monopolistwill maximise profits which means it will produce where MC=MR. Theequilibrium profit maximising level of output will therefore be whereMC-MR. This is shown belowThe diagram above shows the firm will produce the quantity Qe and willcharge the price Pe. As the monopolist above is... ...s to largefirms in the economy. Should it split them up or promote such firms.Competition policy therefore reflects the attitude towards monopoly.At the moment the UK has a pragmatic approach where monopoly can begood or bad. I t uses the monopolies and mergers commission to use acase-by-case approach. Competition policy is a government policy toinfluence the degree of competition in individual markets within theeconomy. Governments can also attempt to correct market failure causedby monopolies by taxing supernormal profit away, set maximum pricelevels, subsidise production, nationalis e the industry, break it up orreduce entry barriers.In the past economists have generally come out against monopolies andin favour of competitive markets. However, this is clearly notconclusive as monopolies have many potential advantages anddisadvantages.

African American Musuem

Intro to Museum Studies Professor Kirsch September 19,2010 The African Museum in Philadelphia is notable as the first museum funded and built by a municipality to ease preserve, interpret and exhibit the heritage of African Americans. Opened during the 1976 Bicentennial celebrations, the AAMP is located in historic Philadelphia, a few blocks away from the Liberty Bell. Charles H. Wesley was a historied African American historian, educator, and author.He was the fourth African American to receive a Ph. D. from Harvard University. An ordained minister, Wesleys distinguished career included 40 years of leading with the African Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1976, he served as Director of the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum in Philadelphia, now known as the African American Museum in Philadelphia. Programs The African American Museum that is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has some interesting education programs.These education programs focus on arts, culture, and he ritage education. They coif a major emphasis on the interests of the students, educators, artists, historians, scholars, and community organizations. These programs offer diversity with scheduling. The programs explore various African forms of cultural expressions. In these programs there are literary performances, hands on demonstrations, workshops, and storytelling performances as well.The African American Museum in Philadelphia feels its programs can be a vital link between the permanent and visiting collections for the some(prenominal) communities they serve. Exhibitions The exhibitions in the African American Museum in Philadelphia can some to be pleasing to the eye and stimulating to the mind. According to the African American Museum of Philadelphia these exhibitions invoke a deep collection of emotion ranging from pride and passion to excitement and enthusiasm.When visitors enter the museum they will come to Gallery 1, which includes a interactive timeline, images draw from historical record, that spans c years of history. In Gallery 2 there are full size video projections in which visitors can in engage in them. in one case they are activated, a monologue about life in Philadelphia will begin. Some other aspects of the exhibit include an experience where you can walk the streets of Philadelphia through a large scale map, which is located between galleries 1 and 2 .

Digital Fortress Chapter 94-99

Chapter 94Midge Milken s as well asd fuming at the water cooler near the entrance to the conference path. What the hell is Fontaine doing? She crumpled her paper cup and threw it forcefully into the throw a look can. Theres both(prenominal)thing happening in Crypto I can feel it Midge knew thither was entirely one way to prove herself right. Shed go check appear Crypto herself-track down Jabba if pauperisation be. She spun on her heel and headed for the door.Brinkerh rancid appeared come out of the closet of presentlyhere, blocking her way. Where are you headed?Home Midge lied.Brinkerhoff refused to let her pass.Midge glared. Fontaine told you not to let me out, didnt he?Brinkerhoff looked away.Chad, Im telling you, at that places something happening in Crypto-something big. I dont live why Fontaines playing dumb, but TRANSLTRs in trouble. Something is not right down there tonightMidge, he soothed, walking past her toward the curtained conference room windowpanes, lets let the director handle it.Midges gaze sharpened. Do you rich person any idea what happens to TRANSLTR if the cooling system fails?Brinkerhoff shrugged and approached the window. Powers probably back on-line by now anyway. He pulled apart the curtains and looked.Still dark? Midge asked.But Brinkerhoff did not reply. He was spellbound. The scene below in the Crypto dome was unimaginable. The entire glass cupola was filled with spin around lights, flashing strobes, and swirling steam. Brinkerhoff stood transfixed, teetering light-headed against the glass. Then, in a frenzy of panic, he raced out. Director DirectorChapter 95The blood of Christ the cup of salvationPeople self-possessed around the slumped body in the pew. Overhead, the frankincense swung its peaceful arcs. Hulohot wheeled wildly in the center aisle and scanned the church. Hes got to be here He spun back toward the altar. xxx rows ahead, holy communion was proceeding uninterrupted. Padre Gustaphes Herrera, the head chalice bearer, glanced curiously at the quiet commotion in one of the center pews he was not concerned. Some beats some of the older folks were overcome by the holy spirit and passed out. A little air usually did the trick.Meanwhile, Hulohot was searching frantically. Becker was nowhere in sight. A hundred or so people were kneeling at the long altar receiving communion. Hulohot wondered if Becker was one of them. He scanned their backs. He was prepared to shoot from cubic decimetre yards away and make a dash for it.El cuerpo de Jesus, el pan del cielo.The young priest serving Becker communion gave him a disapproving stare. He could make the strangers eagerness to receive communion, but it was no excuse to cut inline.Becker bowed his head and chewed the wafer as best he could. He sensed something was happening lavatory him, some sort of disturbance. He thought of the man from whom hed bought the jacket and hoped he had listened to his warning and not taken Beckers in exchange. He start ed to turn and look, but he feared the wire-rim glasses would be staring back. He crouched in hopes his black jacket was covering the back of his khaki pants. It was not.The chalice was coming quickly from his right. People were already swallowing their wine, crossing themselves, and standing to leave. Slow down Becker was in no hurry to leave the altar. But with two thousand people waiting for communion and only eight priests serving, it was considered bad form to linger over a sip of wine.The chalice was notwithstanding to the right of Becker when Hulohot spotted the mismatched khaki pants. Estas ya muerto, he hissed softly. Youre already dead. Hulohot moved up the center aisle. The condemnation for subtlety had passed. Two scapes in the back, and he would grab the ring and run. The biggest taxi stand in Seville was half a block away on Mateus Gago. He reached for his weapon.Adios, Senor BeckerLa sangre de Cristo, la copa de la salvacion.The thick scent of red wine filled Becke rs nostrils as Padre Herrera lower the hand-polished, silver chalice. Little early for drinking, Becker thought as he leaned forward. But as the silver goblet dropped past eye level, there was a veil of movement. A figure, coming fast, his shape warped in the reflection of the cup.Becker saw a flash of metal, a weapon being drawn. Instantly, unconsciously, worry a runner from a starting block at the sound of a munition, Becker was vaulting forward. The priest fell back in horror as the chalice sailed with the air, and red wine rained down on white marble. Priests and altar boys went scattering as Becker dove over the communion rail. A silencer coughed out a single shot. Becker landed bad, and the shot exploded in the marble floor beside him. An instant later he was tumbling down three granite stairs into the valle, a narrow passageway through which the clergy entered, allowing them to rise onto the altar as if by divine grace.At the bottom of the steps, he stumbled and dove. B ecker felt himself sliding out of take care across the slick polished stone. A dagger of pain shot though his gut as he landed on his side. A arcminute later he was stumbling through a curtained entryway and down a set of wooden stairs.Pain. Becker was running, through a dressing room. It was dark. There were screams from the altar. audacious footsteps in pursuit. Becker burst through a set of double doors and stumbled into some sort of study. It was dark, furnished with rich Orientals and polished mahogany. On the far wall was a life-size crucifix. Becker staggered to a stop. Dead end. He was at the tip of the cross. He could hear Hulohot closing fast. Becker stared at the crucifix and cursed his bad luck.Goddamn it he screamed.There was the sudden sound of breaking glass to Beckers left. He wheeled. A man in red robes gasped and turned to eye Becker in horror. Like a cat caught with a canary, the holy man wiped his mouth and tried to hide the broken bottle of holy communion win e at his feet.Salida Becker demanded. Salida Let me outCardinal Guerra reacted on instinct. A demon had entered his sacred chambers screaming for deliverance from the house of God. Guerra would grant him that wish-immediately. The demon had entered at a most wrong moment.Pale, the important pointed to a curtain on the wall to his left. Hidden behind the curtain was a door. Hed installed it three years ago. It led directly to the courtyard outside. The cardinal had grown tired of exiting the church through the front door like a common sinner.Chapter 96Susan was wet and shivering, huddled on the Node 3 couch. Strathmore draped his suit coat over her shoulders. Hales body lay a few yards away. The sirens blared. Like ice thawing on a frozen pond, TRANSLTRs take let out a sharp crack.Im going down to kill power, Strathmore said, laying a reassuring hand on her shoulder. Ill be right back.Susan stared absentmindedly after the commander as he dashed across the Crypto floor. He was no longer the catatonic man shed seen ten minutes onward. Commander Trevor Strathmore was back-logical, controlled, doing some(prenominal) was necessary to procure the job done.The final words of Hales suicide note ran through her mind like a train out of control to a higher place all, Im truly sorry about David Becker. Forgive me, I was blinded by ambition.Susan Fletchers nightmare had just been confirmed. David was in danger or worse. Maybe it was already too late. Im truly sorry about David Becker.She stared at the note. Hale hadnt even signed it-hed just typed his name at the bottom Greg Hale. Hed poured out his guts, pressed print, and then shot himself-just like that. Hale had sworn hed never go back to prison hed kept his vow-hed chosen expiration instead.David She sobbed. DavidAt that moment, ten feet below the Crypto floor, Commander Strathmore stepped off the ladder onto the starting line landing. It had been a day of fiascoes. What had started out as a patriotic missio n had swerved wildly out of control. The commander had been forced to make impractical decisions, commit horrific acts-acts hed never imagined himself capable of.It was a solution It was the only damn solutionThere was duty to think of country and honor. Strathmore knew there was compose time. He could shut down TRANSLTR. He could use the ring to save the countrys most valuable databank. Yes, he thought, there was still time.Strathmore looked out over the contingency around him. The overhead sprinklers were on. TRANSLTR was groaning. The sirens blared. The spinning lights looked like helicopters closing in through dense fog. With every step, all he could see was Greg Hale-the young cryptographer gazing up, his eye pleading, and then, the shot. Hales death was for country for honor. The NSA could not afford an otherwise scandal. Strathmore needed a scapegoat. Besides, Greg Hale was a disaster waiting to happen.Strathmores thoughts were jarred free by the sound of his cellular. It was besides audible over the sirens and hissing fumes. He snatched it off his belt without breaking stride.Speak.Wheres my pass-key? a familiar voice demanded.Who is this? Strathmore yelled over the din.Its Numataka the angry voice bellowed back. You promised me a pass-keyStrathmore kept moving.I want Digital Fortress Numataka hissed.There is no Digital Fortress Strathmore shot back.What?There is no unbreakable algorithmOf argument there is Ive seen it on the Internet My people have been trying to unlock it for daysIts an encrypted virus, you fool-and youre damn lucky you cant open itBut-The deal is off Strathmore yelled. Im not atomic number 7 Dakota. There is no North Dakota Forget I ever mentioned it He clamped the cellular shut, turned off the ringer, and rammed it back on his belt. There would be no more interruptions.Twelve thousand miles away, Tokugen Numataka stood stunned at his plate-glass window. His Umami cigar hung limply in his mouth. The deal of his lifetime had ju st disintegrated before his eyes.Strathmore kept descending. The deal is off. Numatech Corp. would never get the unbreakable algorithm and the NSA would never get its back door.Strathmores dream had been a long time in the planning-hed chosen Numatech carefully. Numatech was wealthy, a likely winner of the pass-key auction. No one would think twice if it ended up with the key. Conveniently there was no company less likely to be suspected of consorting with the U.S. government. Tokugen Numataka was old-world Japan-death before dishonor. He hated Americans. He hated their food, he hated their customs, and most of all, he hated their grip on the worlds software market.Strathmores vision had been bold-a world encoding standard with a back door for the NSA. Hed longed to share his dream with Susan, to carry it out with her by his side, but he knew he could not. Even though Ensei Tankados death would save thousands of lives in the future, Susan would never have agreed she was a pacifist. Im a pacifist too, thought Strathmore, I just dont have the luxury of acting like one.There had never been any doubt in the commanders mind who would kill Tankado. Tankado was in Spain-and Spain meant Hulohot. The forty-two-year-old Portuguese mercenary was one of the commanders favorite pros. Hed been working for the NSA for years. Born and embossed in Lisbon, Hulohot had done work for the NSA all over Europe. Never once had his kills been traced back to Fort Meade. The only catch was that Hulohot was deaf tele shout communication was impossible. recently Strathmore had arranged for Hulohot to receive the NSAs newest toy, the Monocle computer. Strathmore bought himself a SkyPager and programmed it to the same frequency. From that moment on, his communication with Hulohot was not only instantaneous but also entirely untraceable.The first kernel Strathmore had sent Hulohot left little room for misunderstanding. They had already discussed it. Kill Ensei Tankado. Obtain pass-key.St rathmore never asked how Hulohot worked his magic, but somehow he had done it again. Ensei Tankado was dead, and the authorities were convinced it was a heart attack. A textbook kill-except for one thing. Hulohot had misjudged the location. Apparently Tankado dying in a commonplace place was a necessary part of the illusion. But unexpectedly, the public had appeared too soon. Hulohot was forced into hiding before he could search the body for the pass-key. When the dust settled, Tankados body was in the hands of Sevilles coroner.Strathmore was furious. Hulohot had blown a mission for the first time ever-and hed picked an inauspicious time to do it. Getting Tankados pass-key was critical, but Strathmore knew that sending a deaf assassin into the Seville morgue was a suicide mission. He had pondered his other options. A second scheme began to materialize. Strathmore suddenly saw a chance to win on two fronts-a chance to realize two dreams instead of just one. At six-thirty that mornin g, he had called David Becker.Chapter 97Fontaine burst into the conference room at a full sprint. Brinkerhoff and Midge were close at his heels.Look Midge choked, motioning frantically to the window.Fontaine looked out the window at the strobes in the Crypto dome. His eyes went wide. This was definitely not part of the plan.Brinkerhoff sputtered. Its a goddamn disco down thereFontaine stared out, trying to make sense of it. In the few years TRANSLTR had been operational, it had never done this. Its overheating, he thought. He wondered why the hell Strathmore hadnt shut it down. It took Fontaine only an instant to make up his mind.He snatched an interoffice phone off the conference table and punched the extension for Crypto. The receiver began beeping as if the extension were out of order.Fontaine slammed down the receiver. Damn it He immediately picked up again and dialed Strathmores clubby cellular line. This time the line began to ring.Six rings went by.Brinkerhoff and Midge watc hed as Fontaine paced the length of his phone cable like a tiger on a chain. aft(prenominal) a full minute, Fontaine was crimson with rage.He slammed down the receiver again. Unbelievable he bellowed. Cryptos about to blow, and Strathmore wont answer his goddamn phoneChapter 98Hulohot burst out of Cardinal Guerras chambers into the blinding morning sun. He shielded his eyes and cursed. He was standing outside the cathedral in a small patio, contact by a high stone wall, the west face of the Giralda tower, and two wrought-iron fences. The gate was open. Outside the gate was the square. It was empty. The walls of Santa Cruz were in the distance. There was no way Becker could have made it so far so quickly. Hulohot turned and scanned the patio. Hes in here. He must beThe patio, Jardin de los Naranjos, was famous in Seville for its twenty blossoming orange trees. The trees were notable in Seville as the birthplace of English marmalade. An eighteenth-century English trader had purchas ed three dozen bushels of oranges from the Seville church and taken them back to London only to find the reaping inedibly bitter. He tried to make jam from the rinds and ended up having to add pounds of sugar just to make it palatable. Orange marmalade had been born.Hulohot moved forward through the grove, gun leveled. The trees were old, and the foliage had moved high on their trunks. Their lowest branches were unreachable, and the thin bases provided no cover. Hulohot quickly saw the patio was empty. He looked straight up. The Giralda.The entrance to the Giraldas spiral staircase was cordoned off by a rope and small wooden sign. The rope hung motionless. Hulohots eyes climbed the 419-foot tower and immediately knew it was a ridiculous thought. There was no way Becker would have been that stupid. The single staircase wound straight up to a square stone cubicle. There were narrow slits in the wall for viewing, but there was no way out.David Becker climbed the last of the steep sta irs and staggered breathless into a tiny stone cubicle. There were high walls all around him and narrow slits in the perimeter. No exit.Fate had done Becker no favors this morning. As hed dashed from the cathedral into the open courtyard, his jacket had caught on the door. The fabric had stopped him mid stride and swung him hard left before tearing. Becker was suddenly stumbling off balance into the blinding sun. When hed looked up, he was heading straight for a staircase. Hed jumped over the rope and dashed up. By the time he realized where it led, it was too late.Now he stood in the confined cell and caught his breath. His side burned. Narrow slats of morning sun streamed through the openings in the wall. He looked out. The man in the wire-rim glasses was far below, his back to Becker, staring out at the plaza. Becker shifted his body in front of the crack for a better view. stigma the plaza, he willed him.The shadow of the Giralda lay across the square like a giant felled sequoi a. Hulohot stared the length of it. At the far end, three slits of light cut through the towers viewing apertures and fell in crisp rectangles on the cobblestone below. One of those rectangles had just been blotted out by the shadow of a man. Without so much as a glance toward the top of the tower, Hulohot spun and dashed toward the Giralda stairs.Chapter 99Fontaine pounded his fist into his hand. He paced the conference room and stared out at the spinning Crypto lights. terminate Goddamn it AbortMidge appeared in the doorway waving a fresh readout. Director Strathmore cant abortWhat Brinkerhoff and Fontaine gasped in unison.He tried, sir Midge held up the report. Four times already TRANSLTRs locked in some sort of endless loop.Fontaine spun and stared back out the window. Jesus ChristThe conference room phone rang sharply. The director threw up his arms. Its got to be Strathmore About goddamn timeBrinkerhoff scooped up the phone. Directors office.Fontaine held out his hand for the receiver.Brinkerhoff looked uneasy and turned to Midge. Its Jabba. He wants you.The director swung his gaze over to Midge, who was already crossing the room. She activated the speaker phone. Go ahead, Jabba.Jabbas metal(prenominal) voice boomed into the room. Midge, Im in the main databank. Were showing some strange stuff down here. I was wondering if-Dammit, Jabba Midge came unglued. Thats what Ive been trying to tell youIt could be nothing, Jabba hedged, but-Stop proverb that Its not nothing Whatevers going on down there, take it seriously, very seriously. My data isnt fried-never has been, never will. She started to hang up and then added, Oh, and Jabba? Just so there arent any surprises Strathmore bypassed Gauntlet.

Midwest Office Products Management Essay

Case OverviewMidWest Office Product was a regional distributor of office supplies to institutions and mercantile businesses. The company offered a comprehensive product line resembling simple writing implements and fasteners to specialty paper for modern high-speed copiers and printers. Warehouse personnel in the companys distribution center unloaded truckload shipments from manufactures, and moved the cartons into designated storage location until customers request the items. Typically, the company shipped products to its customers using commercial truckers however the MOP had introduced the tonic elbow room of shipment which called a desktop delivery option in which the personnel delivered the products directly to the destinations at the customers site.The company believed that the new way of shipments would improve the margins and create more loyal customers in its competitive market. Moreover, the MOP introduced the electronic data interchange, which allowed customers orders to arrive automatically into the system so that clerks wouldnt earn to enter the data manually. John Malone, general manager of Midwest Office Products, was implicated rough the financial results of his business for a calendar year 2013. Malone was concerned that even after introducing the innovations, the company couldnt earn a profit. The companys management team decided to check outWhat actions he should have to regain the profit?What profits Midwest Office Products had really earned on each of the orders stated?Case SolutionsAccording to calculations made on the outmatch sheet, we think that in order for MOP regain the profits the company should look on the following recommendations 1) To encourage customers to use more efficient and cheaper types of channels, like in this case the EDI. As you could see on the excel sheet 1 the electronic entry costs $3.50 which is the cheapest way of entering the information about the orders. 2) Improve the efficiency of the warehouse oper ations and order-entry process ( manual and electronic). We could recommend to mitigate the amount of order-entry operators. The following action will help the company to decrease the costs on personnel.3) To improve the Desktop Delivery option meaning to introduce the specific charges for the following options depending on the amount of drop points, distance, time consumed for travelling If the cost for Desktop Delivery is $75 per hour, the company should introduce the specific charges for a such delivery because it costs almost 5 times higher(prenominal) as the commercial freight. 4) Its highly recommended to minimize the amount of small orders, may be it would be efficient to establish the minimum order size of it or put the minimum price for an order

IKEA’s brand Essay

Due to the recent uproar in German media, IKEAs brand and image are being-rimshed, and I believe IKEA of necessity to respond to this situation immediately. IKEAs supplier, Rangan Exports, haJviolated its supply contracts by using child churn for the production oflndian rugs, and such media exposure could lead to sizeable long-term problems such as disruptions in supply and sourcing, lost sales and profits, and reputation risk.I have applied 4 key decision-making criteria to the alternatives IKEA could employ to rectify this situation (Exhibit 1). supra all, since IKEA has been linked to various environmental/social issyes in the past, it should take a proactive stance on the comeback of child labor by fighting(a) in the media. Without such action, IKEA runs the risk of hurting its image, potentially leading to a cut in its bottom line and slog growth opportunities (Exhibit 2).When looking at the first two alternatives, IKEA could deal with the issue of child labor through its ow n relationships with suppliers by forming a New Initiatives Steering Committee to manage the issue of child labor. On the other hand, IKEA shares a very important relationship with its suppliers and has many issues to manage on a day-to-day basis, like development and origin (Exhibit 3). It is very likely that other issues, like child labor, could be overlooked from time to time. For instance, despite IKEAs past initiative of adding an addendum to its supply contract, Rangan act a breach of contract by utilizing child labor. For the third and fourth alternatives, IKEA could also step back and allow Rugmark to monitor the use of child labor on its behalf.By joining hands with Rugmark, IKEA would be able to re-emphasize its spirit of responsibility and increase consumer confidence. In addition, Rugmark is an Indo-German organization and such an association could function boost their image and sales in Germany, which account for 30% of total sales. In all the alternatives stated pre viously, IKEA needs to determine if it should terminate its contract with Rangan or not. If IKEA keeps Rangan on board, it will eliminate supply disruptions and prevent a drop in sales.However, sourcing a new supplier will send a stronger content to other suppliers about the consequences of breach of contract and the division will avoid future costly media outbreaks. For the last alternative, IKEA could withdraw from the Indian rug intentness, because it accounts for a minute part ofiKEAs turnover. However, Indian rugs are complementary products to other IKEA product lines and discontinuing them would take away from the full line of products. Also, by retracting from the Indian carpet industry and not dealing with the issue of child labor, IKEAs image as a socially responsible company could be tainted.

Studies in Professionalism in Education & Training

I am currently employed in the post 16 readiness sector as a tutor on the entry to employment programme (e2e). The e2e programme is designed to be flexible and single, with the aim of furnish young people with the necessary skills to become independent self-motivated informed and em force outed to come across control of their own lives. Learners work towards realistic still ch all told in allenging targets that organise to overture onto suitable training or employment opportunities. There argon 3 basic strands to the e2e programme basic and key skills (literacy, numeracy, communication etc) personal and hearty exposement and vocational development.The programme is tailored to suit the individual needs of a variety of young people who are engaged on it. all told learners are aged between 16 and 18 years and are not discovericipating in any form of post 16 culture, or in any form of employment. The programme itself is not qualification driven. However, opportunities for t he feat of certificates are available through aside the course. There is no puzzle time touch on for the e2e programme ensuring that learners can work at a pace suited to their skills, needs and circumstances learners can spend as little or as long ( deep down reason) on the programme in order to successfully achieve their goals.The strand I teach is vocational development. This incorporates training sessions such as CV building interview techniques job searching and sustaining employment. Learning is individualised, thus meeting the needs across a range of age and ability. Professionalism to me is exceeding the standards as set by various government offices and ensuring that the service young people devil at my organisation is a quality one. Further education has received its luck of criticism over the last century and this has been reflected in the salaries of the tutors in this sector as opposed to those in the compulsory education sector.To me existenceness a passe-part out is about attitude, behaviour, self presentation and having a cargo to improvement. How we conduct ourselves in our roles is paramount to earning the respect and appreciation of our fellow workers, managers and indeed the people accessing the services we offer. The learners that access our service are usually low level (below entry 1) and many deprivation motivation to learn. As the National Foundation for teachingal Research conducted question on participants taking part in e2e, Around one-third of young people interviewed reported negative school day experiences.These related to problems with other students, negative relationships with teachers, pretermit of achievement and the perceived irrelevance of what they were taught. Many had been expelled from school or had excluded themselves. (http//www. nfer. ac. uk/research-areas/pims-data/summaries/eet-entry-to-employment. cfm This interprets some indication of the difficulties facing tutors in this sector and it is my bel ief that conducting a programme that reflects school pull up stakes only serve to discourage learners from accessing this course.Therefore, although we must be professional, we must also offer something unlike to the curriculum offered in compulsory education. Thus it is nearly- of import to consider Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs. The main points being physical comfort, harmlessty and shelter, love and belonging, self-esteem leading to self-actualisation. Further education in the UK has seen many changes during the last 10 years. Concerns were raised by the government that Further Education was not producing a skilled enough workforce in aura with international standards, impacting upon Britains sparingal viability.Other EU countries were seen to be producing a much higher skilled and trained workforce. The belief was that a cause of this was a lack of suitably qualified teaching ply in FE. This propelled the notion that all teaching and training staff workin g in the FE sector should be qualified to the standard set by mainstream schools. It was thought that by doing this, standards of the UK workforce would be raised. In 1999 FENTO (Further Education National Training Organisation) was launched. They were responsible for identifying needs within the FE sector.In 2000 FENTO proposed a set of standards, which addressed wider issues of professional development and considered a new teaching qualifications network. These standards consisted of three main elements Professional knowledge and reckoning, skills and attributes and key areas of teaching. In 2005 Lifelong Learning UK (LLUK) was formed to manage the reform of teacher training. All FE teachers now score to register with the Institute for Learning (IfL) which is part of LLUK, and monitors training and records sector training needs.Since initial reforms, teaching standards in FE score further developed and progressed. In March 2006 the White Paper Further Education Raising Skills, Improving Life Chances highlighted further needs to develop a much more than highly skilled workforce. It states, This is a huge challenge, because on that point are some deep-seated and long-standing weaknesses in our national skills. We have put in place major reform programmes for 14-19 year olds and adult skills, backed by meaty investment.Those reforms are bringing about real progress. But there is a long way to go to raise skills and qualification levels for young people and adults to humankind standards (White Paper Further Education Raising Skills, Improving Life Chances, 2006). It also goes on to say that FE establishments are central to achieving world standards in the UK workforce, but are currently not realising their full potential in being the driving force behind skills.The paper paints a grim picture in terms of skills levels of the UK in comparison to other developed countries, and with the Leitch report highlighting the skills need for 2020, it is clear that re form is necessary for the UK to compete in the global economic market. The economic mission is at the core of the proposals, with the focus of the FE sector to be equipping young people and adults with the skills and competences that meet the needs of employers. The proposals laid out in this white paper were implemented in the Further Education and Training Act 2007.Reforms such as the above have a sound impact on organisations such as mine. We have to ensure that the governments vision and targets for the afterlife are embraced and taken forward in the most effective possible way, thus demanding that we, as FE employees, are professional in all aspects of our work. So how do we as an organisation ensure the commitment and quality of service that is expected by our government? Firstly it is imperative that we have systems in place that effectively transmit nurture to staff.Accurate and relevant information and communication are vital in order to transmit and effectively implemen t plans that will uphold the governments wishes in regards proposals for FE. My organisation has a quality improvement department which continually monitors the performance of the company against standards set out by agencies such as the Office for Standards in Education (ofsted), Qualifications and class Authority (QCA) Learning and Skills Council (LSC) and many more.FE establishments are now subject to review article by ofsted of which their aim is toinspect and regulate to achieve excellence in the shell out of children and young people, and in education and skills for learners of all ages (www. ofsted. gov. uk). This department is of import for the continuation of improvements within educational settings. Although misinterpreted by many as harrowing and stressful, the inspection help that this agency conducts is the platform for which FE providers need to build their provision.Ofsted inspections are designed to aid improvement in services, raise aspirations and assist in th e achievement of higher standards within educational settings. The quality improvement team in my organisation follow the Common Inspection Framework as dictated by ofsted. This ensures we are providing the services and meeting the standards set by the government. In order to ascertain that teaching staff are in line with this framework, regular lesson observations take place by competent staff. By carrying out these observations, staff are able to use the feedback to continually improve their suffice.It is also expected of teaching staff to self evaluate and reflect upon every lesson they teach. This is a key part of professionalism within teaching. I will discuss in more detail afterwards in this essay the values and importance of reflection. The quality improvement team are also responsible for official documentation used by all staff. These are regularly reviewed and updated and communicated to all staff. This ensures that all staff are using the same documents and helps creat e seamless processes that are followed by all.As salubrious as ofsted there are many other agencies that regulate the delivery of FE in the UK. One of these is the QCA. As a provider that delivers qualifications in a variety of subjects the QCA is an main(prenominal) source of information. The QCA maintain and develop the National Curriculum and accredit qualifications to appropriate levels in order to meet the needs of learners, employers and the economy. As we deliver accredited qualifications it is crucial that we follow the guidelines set out by the QCA to ensure we are teaching the correct knowledge and skills that learners need to achieve the standards set.We also have to adhere to accolade bodies such as Edexcel and City & Guilds who provide the qualifications which we deliver. As well as organisational procedures and external influences, it is crucially important that we, as teachers strive to continually improve our exert by self reflection. Reflective Practice is a pro cess of reviewing an experience from manage in order to describe, analyse and evaluate and so informs acquire from coiffure (Reece and Walker, 2006 p421). This involves using a selection of the models identified during the course of this programme.Donald Schon (1983) identified 2 sub categories of reflection, reflection on action and reflection in action. Reflection in action is often described as thinking on ones feet this is done during the course of action and is one that I have had to use many multiplication during the course of my life story. Reflection on action occurs after the actual action and gives professionals the opportunity to develop theories and create knowledge. Individuals, asserted by others, regularly frame and reframe a problem, test it and reach solutions (Schon, 1983).Another model of meditative serve is one proposed by David Boud. In the introduction to Understanding Learning from Experience, David Boud et al (1993), present five propositions of expe riential learning, the first of which is experience is the foundation of and the stimulus for learning. Learning al ways relates in one way or another, to what has gone before. There is never a cleared slate on which to begin unless new ideas and new experience link to previous experience, they exist as abstractions, isolated and without meaning (Boud et al, 1993, p8).Building on previous learning and relating new learning concepts and topics to past experience has been essential in my teaching practice. Linking new experiences to past ones to create new meanings and insights in extremely constructive in wistful practice. We attach our own meanings to events. While others may attempt to impose their meanings on us, we ultimately define our own experience. (Boud et al, 1993, p10) Another important model of reflective practice is Jack Mezirows. His emphasis is on disorientating dilemmas, which he believed can be a slow transition rather than a sudden insight.Mezirow believes that, learning is different when we learn to perform than when we understand what is being communicated to us. (Mezirow, 1990) The belief is that questioning and reflective nature results in an altered and more beneficial learning process. In reflective practice, practitioners engage in a continuous cycle of self-observation and self-evaluation in order to understand their own actions and reactions they prompt in themselves and in learners (Brookfield, 1995) The diagram below illustrates Brookfields sight of reflective practice.Reflecting upon my practice is something I need to be doing continuously to constantly develop in my role. This reflective process is an essential part of teaching, as Kolbs Four Stage Model of Learning, demonstrates. Reid (1993) states Reflective Practice is a process of reviewing an experience from practice in order to describe, analyse and evaluate and so informs learning from practice (Reece and Walker, 2006 p421). Reflective practice is a vital part of teach ing. Effective practice is a beneficial aspect of continuous professional development and without it progression in teaching would be extremely limited.By gaining a better understanding of their own individual teaching styles through reflective practice, teachers can improve their strong suit in the classroom and strive to achieve the vision as set out by the government, as previously mentioned, for Further Education. Reflection of Learning CertEd During the 2 years I have undertaken learning on the CertEd course, I have learnt many underpinning theories that were previously unknown to me. Although I have worked in the industry for 8 years and learnt from experience and reflection, I have been unconscious(predicate) of the background as to why we do what we do and the reasons for it.It began with the first faculty which was preparation for teaching. In this module we covered learning theories, learning styles, planning effective lessons, presentation of lessons and factors influ encing learning. Before I began the module, I believed I had a sound understanding of the teaching process however I discovered many more vital and useful tools that I now apply when delivering training sessions. Kolbs theory was something that I was unaware of before this module. Learning theories was also a topic that I had very little knowledge on. This proved to be one of the most useful sections of this module.I did practice the different approaches beforehand but was unaware of the theories behind them. Now I am aware I believe I use them much more effectively in my day to day role and my planning of sessions. The next module was Developing Personal Skills, and I found this extremely useful. It enabled me to concentrate my efforts upon areas of my career that were not as strong as some of the others. By doing this I was able to improve my performance at work a great deal. It was sincere to have agreed learning contract beforehand as this gave me a schedule to work towards.It was more beneficial negotiating with the tutor, what I wanted to develop, instead of being told what to work towards. In Learner managed learning Graves (1993) states the role of the learning contract in higher education takes on board the concept of our individual learning styles. It gives students the freedom to learn in a way they know comfortable with. It has long been established that adult learners learn in different ways, and that they are self directing and defined in their experience, with the onus and effectiveness of this learning process primarily, on the learner.Upon reflection, I learnt much from this module, both my IT and networking skills have been improved, and this has had a appointed impact on my job role. I feel much more comfortable using IT in teaching now than I did before, especially power point presentations which I have used in a few sessions since my online tutorial. However I still have far more to learn, especially in IT as it is a fast changing conce pt that is constantly introducing new equipment and technologies into society and indeed teaching.The module on assessment was also beneficial as before this assessment was something that I did without really thinking of the underpinning theories to it. This module made me change my practice by ensuring assessment was valid, reliable and relevant and also prompted me to give more feedback to my learners and document this. The module of learning on curriculum studies was again one that developed my understanding of the subject. Designing a curriculum was a valuable learning experience for me and although a successful one, I have seen many opportunities for improvement along the way.In summary, teaching and learning is an ever changing industry and constant evaluation is necessary for the process to be continually successful and for ongoing improvement to take place. I found that the autonomy I was given helped hugely as I was able to decide for myself what course of study the studen ts would follow. Obviously I had to account for external influences such as the criteria of the awarding body and contractual requirements from the LSC, but nevertheless my organisation were prepared to allow me to choose the path students would follow to meet these.Kolbs theory is foremost in my reflective practice as shown in the diagram below By designing a curriculum and studying theories of curriculum, I gained a better understanding of the concept. I understand that influences such as organisational policies, government policies, awarding bodies and learning styles of learners, all have a bearing on how a curriculum is developed. I also wise(p) much about the models of curriculum and in what context they are used. Many courses of study are designed to accommodate the product model i. e.they are rivet on achieving an end result, such as a recognized qualification however I feel the process model can still be incorporated with better results, such as additional learning taking place and a more enjoyable learning experience for the student. The course I designed was a success. This was reflected in the achievement and retention figures that were collated at the conclusion of the course. I also believe that I added value to the curriculum by incorporating literacy and numeracy support throughout and designing learning to suit all students regardless of learning styles and abilities.I did have to change the course of study slightly of this curriculum, and so in future I hope to be able to build upon my experiences and design an even more effective course which incorporates the learning I have undertaken during this module. The final module on creativity was the one I felt most beneficial of the entire course. I realised during this module that I had always mutationed safe during my teaching and that fear of failure had prevented me from implementing ideas that could enhance my teaching and my students learning.During this module I researched creativity wit hin an educational environment. I realised that being creative is sometimes about taking risks, and this was something I had previously been reluctant to do. Although I felt I was innovative in my lesson delivery, I now take aim that a fear of failure prevented me from fully committing myself to creativity. On the whole the CertEd course has been a valuable and worthwhile experience for me and I believe I have progressed professionally repayable to the modules I have undertaken.Following the course of study I believe I have made excellent progress professionally and feel much more knowledgeable in the sector than I did previously. I still have to continually improve as a professional and I am fortunate to work for a company that recognises this and encourages staff to undertake CPD. Continuous training and development for all staff is now an everyday part of the profession, not a training course that is thrown in every few months with no clear structure.CPD must be strategically p lanned and enter within the overall objectives of the organisation to ensure that staff are well prepared for any new developments that arise. At my organisation, staff are encouraged my direction to take control of their development and inline with the Business Plan and the Self Assessment Report, are supported to undertake relevant, necessary CPD. I try and improve my practice in many ways. As well as the regular training courses I attend I also take responsibility and ensure that I continually strive to learn and become a more effective practitioner.Learning from other teachers is an important way for professional development. One of the most powerful ways to better your practice is to observe other teachers, ones that are experienced and confident in their roles. During this course of study I have had a mentor and I have observed her on many occasions, as well as seeking advice and guidance on matters I am not confident in. I believe discussion with colleagues can be an import ant part of development. They can offer different views on situations and propose alternative methods of practice which might have previously not been considered.As well as using colleagues and mentors, learners are also a crucial part of continuing development. By gathering their thoughts and feedback on lessons I teach them, I am able to implement new strategies and adapt teaching methods to enhance the learning experience for my students. A written evaluation at the end of sessions is another useful way to reflect and enable improvements. It is important to produce a written evaluation of the lesson which helps to reflect constructively upon practice.By reflecting on what went well and badly and evaluating what we would do differently we are developing professional practice and evolving new ways to meet our learners needs (Wallace, 2001, p178). My organisation also conducts 6 periodic appraisals with all staff. During this process a development plan is also agreed and produced a nd this involves recording any learning that needs to be achieved, any courses that have to be undertaken and any other developmental requirements that staff feel they have. The appraisal process helps the employees to understand the companys objectives.It helps them to set their goals and precisely know what role they play in their work to serve the organisation. This avoids frustration and gives job satisfaction to the employees. Performance appraisal benefits all parties and can serve to motivate and inspire employees to continuously develop and improve. My own development plan was agreed in February and runs until August. During this time my targets for achievement are Level 2 ICT qualification, Cert Ed qualification and to maintain my CPD file with all relevant learning.Beyond this time I am looking to achieve a business/management qualification during the next 2 years, and to develop my leadership skills due to a recent change in my job role. I will continue throughout my prof essional life to strive for improvement and new methods of working, which will enhance the experience of learners accessing our services. Professionalism is an ongoing process. It is commitment to self-improvement, competency in work, motivated in attitude and having respect for both colleagues and learners.

Business Administration Level 2 NVQ Unit 1 Questions & Answers Essay

1.1 One of the key codes of practice, guidelines and procedures that are relevant to anes work is proper communication. Others are accepting responsibility for ones own work and its delivery. fundamentally one should develop his/her own performance and act in a way that encourages effective working.1.2 If you are an employee you are accountable to your employer. They have a repair to see that your work is up to standard. You may also have a plan to fill in your working day. Companies have to work go forth costs, and one way to do this is likewise plan what work the employees willing do. There is no social function wrong with this. Companies will charge out your time for each job. This is the average for garages, engineers or any firm that has a contract rate for work.1.3 If both(prenominal) sides agree then both sides are happy to fulfil their commitments. It also ensures that both sides understand the situation and what their targets are.1.4 The targets must be realistic, so t hat the employee has a good chance of attaining them.This lets him feel good about himself and allows him to work without stress.If the targets are set too high, the employee will always be under pressure to do the impossible, will feel a failure and have a dissatisfied boss.1.5 The first thing to do is to prioritize your work. That is, place the most important job at the top the least, at the bottom. When judging priorities, you need to do several things (1) you need to restrain what is required. This is the number of jobs that need to be done. (2) You need to figure out what is required1.6 It is important to keep other people informed about progress because it will helps them know the targets already achieved and what they are toachieve. This will helps them set up their objectives in order to meet their targets. Furthermore, it avoids duplication of tasks and also promotes motivation among the team players. 1.7 Allows people to be better prepared for work, mentally, physically a nd tools-wise. It is respectful of the other persons time to give him or her a good idea of what and how you want them to do something and when they need to start. If these plans change, respect demands that you inform others involved of the changes to these plans. 1.8 The types of problems that may occur during your work are computer crashing work not getting saved power cuts photocopier runs out of toner photocopier runs out paper.1.9 The ways of seeking assistance with getting help to resolve problems is speaking to someone understanding e.g. Supervisor/Manager and explaining the situation to them in a polite and calm manor and finding a solution to the problem. 1.10 The purpose and benefits of recognising and learning from mistakes is realising in order not to make the same mistake again, winning the advice given as a learning curve and developing knowledge about something new and different.

The Chinese Culture

The dictionary defines market-gardening as the behavior and beliefs characteristics of aparticular social, ethnic, or age group China has about five thousand days history which is a very long period of time. Also, the Chinese civilization was growing with these periods of time and it will continues gr wasteer than ever. Many wars and unhappinesses were happening during this period. The Chinese gloss has many special characteristics which are very interesting for bulk to learn. The family life is very important for every Chinese.Chinese families are very close-knit. Children tend to stay with their parents as yet after they get married and have children of their own, so that you often see three or four generations living under the same roof. Each ingredient of the family help each other when there is any problem The Chinese culture has many special characteristics which arevery interesting for people to learn,and delicious food to try. Some types of common Chinese food are ric e, noodles, soup. The Chinese people are known for their unusual eating method using deuce chopsticks.Thetradition ofchopsticks was introduced to many other countries in the world such asVietnam, North Korea, andSouth Korea. As for many Asian families , Chinese people eat dinneralltogether at one table, They try to put the meal in the centre of the table and other serving stuff informt of the people. If this is an prescribed dinner with guests, all the places on the table can be fulled with plates. If this a dinner with the family guys, only the minimum part of the table is used. Their most popular food is white rice and they mostly like fish and sea foods.The people also likeeggs, fish, fruit, and shellfish.. Vegetables, especiallycabbage and Tofu rank second in Chinese diet. Roasted sweet potatoes are a popular snack Tea is the traditional Chinese beverage. Breakfast in China may be rice porridge, chicken noodle soup, or deep fried pastries thattaste like donuts. In China the peo ples favorite lunch time foods include eggrolls, anddumplings filled with meat or shrimps. A typical Chinese dinner includes vegetables with bits of meat or seafood, soup, and rice and noodles.In China most Chinese dishes are served in a boiling soup to keep the contents hot for longer, Chinese cuisine and culturel behaving can be very very intresting chapter for us. Thats why people are trying to visit China and feel the difference of their cultures.. This is a very short time to summerize a very old culture in 1 hour but these Chinese different foods must have been tasted by everybody once in a life. Thats why Chinese restaurants are always crowded all over the World.

The Island of Damar

I looked pop out at the tiny island in the distance. The island that was well-nigh to troll my life completely upside down. Its name, Damar. It is a sm tout ensemble told island in Ind iodinsia. It has a population of 23 people, everyone of these people archaeological diggers. My dad, Jay, was flying out to marry them. Thither was rough kind of dig on the go and my dad was c wholeed for. Me, being Rhia, had to go with him. nigh kids of my age would stay at home with a relative. Unfortunately, I scram none. My mum died about four few years ago in a tragic car accident. She drove her car into a plunge and no one found her until the next morning.I dont know of any other relatives that i exhaust. The solitary(prenominal) other family member I have is my twerp of a brother. He is 9 years venerable and is extremely annoying. His hair is like barbed wire, it is impossible to brush using any comb. My dad essential have bought about 20 contrary sized combs to try and brush it an d about 50 different shampoos. It is blondish-brown in colour and is kind of centre parted. He doesnt c atomic number 18 in the slightest about his appearance and close to of the time he scarcely wears a pair of tracky bottoms and a pole shirt. His name is Pete. Any way, sm every-minded of that twerp, back to me. I am 19 years old and currently do not have a boy booster unit.I have blondish-brown permed hair scantily past my shoulders in length and have big, blue, dazzling look. Unlike my brother I care ALOT about my appearance. Everything has to be colour co-ordinated. My dad is unendingly fussing at me, he says I have loads of clothes and hardly any of them are worn. It had been a long, tiring journey and a boring one at that. If I had been able to bring my friend Chazza, it wouldve been a right laugh. I was suffering from toothache because the cheesecake that we had for lunch hadnt been properly defrosted and I really bear my tooth. Damar was getting bigger and bigger so I knew we were soon to land.From what I could see from above, it just looked like a floating precipitate forest. There were huge trees precisely I could not come any houses or apartments for us to stay in. It was hammering it down with rain. I knew this because I could hear the rain drops bouncing of the roof of the plane. Touchdown. We had landed. We floated on the surface for some time before we came to a complete stop. I looked out of the cabin window and stared amazingly at a huge cliff that towered above the go forth commit side of the sea plane, I could not see the top of it. There was nothing else to be seen.My dad rose from his seat and off-key forget me drug o face us, puff up then, were here, he state as if we were to be really excited. Me and my brother both looked at him as if to say woopey-doo My dad turned back round and headed towards the door and begun to open it. Once this was done he grabbed his binoculars which he had been tone through most of the journ ey whilst making notes, he looked into the distance. It was sometime before he shouted, I sight see them, theyre coming straight for us Meanwhile Pete was taking all the cases from the overhead lockers and was placing them in a cat sleep at the front of the plane. I looked out of the plane window once more nd spotted a small, yellow, rubber boat fighting against the treacherous waves to make its way to the plane. In it was a man dressed in a orange kagool.After some fighting, the boat reached the entrance to the plane. You must(prenominal) be Doctor Shaw? asked my dad loudly, competing against the noise of the waves. Yes, thats right. Climb alongside, shouted the strange looking man. My dad jumped aboard and almost lost his balance as a huge monstrous wave came from behind the boat. Pete tossed all our luggage to my dad who was piling them up in one corner. Once this had been done, Pete himself jumped aboard. I walked esitantly towards the door and stood for a moment watching the rain hammering into the sea. I turned round and faced Sam, the pilot, who I had extend quite friendly with. Good bye then, he said, severe not to laugh, and good chance I smiled at him, turned round and daintily made my way on board the boat. That was it, in that location was no way of turning back now. I turned and looked at the plane, taxiing into the dull fog which had fallen. What? I bawled at the top of my voice.This is your home for the next 10 weeks. I looked down at a pile of raw materials wood, palm leaves and a huge sheet of tarpaulin. You and your dad will have to build a shelter. That was it, Id had enough. Not only did I discover that there was no TV, computer or telephone on Damar, but now I have to build my own shelter. My dad had lied. He told me the complete opposite. I decided enough was enough i needed to get away from my dad before all hell broke out. I walked over to the shore and looked out at the waves smashing against the rocks. I was trickle wet and freezing cold. I made a huge X out of pebbles in the keystone and walked to the left of me. As long as I kept to the shore line, I could turn round at any time and walk back o the X and then Id know I was back at camp. It felt as if Id been walking for miles. The shore line was rocky and in some places sandy.After some time I came to a stop and sat down on what looked to be a makeshift bench at the top of the cliff that I first saw when I had landed. I was there for a long while. The rain had got worse and it had begun to hail, they were not huge hail stones but big enough. Hi there, Im Jak called a voice from behind. I jumped up, scared stiff. I didnt know whether to turn around or not. in the beginning I could, the person named Jak appeared at the side of me. He held his hand out as if aiting for me to shake it. I pulled my hand out of my jeans pocket and held his hand. I couldnt move it, it was as if they were frozen solid. Theyre freezing, he shrieked, here, scoop my g w onders. I took the gloves from his held out hand and struggled to put them on.Im Doctor Shaws son. You? asked Jak. Im Rhia. Rhia Langton, replied Rhia politely. Oh, your new here arent you? Yep, I just arrived like a shot. The conversation seized while we looked each other up and down. He was gorgeous. He had gyp black hair and had huge, dark brown eyes with long eyelashes. He looked about early 20s and had a intimately tanned body. Ive been here 6 months now, he said. Really. Yeah. How long are you planning to stay? I infer my dad said about 10 weeks. Cool, Ill have to get to know you more then. Likewise. I think Ill start by telling you about me then, said Jak, Im 22 and im a dentist. Well at least I will be, when I get back to England. Ive been offered a job. Oh really, lucky you, said Rhia, shocked, Well Im 19 and currently have a job at McDonalds. Slightly different to you eh? Jak trying not to laugh replied, yeah well its better than nothing? I suppose so, its only until I find another job. We spoke for some time and we had got to know each other extremely well before Rhia decided to make her way back to camp whilst holding Jaks hand. When i arrived back at camp, my dad and brother had built their hut and were both sitting round a red heated fire at the foot of the hut. Jak however had already made his way back to his hut after a kiss at the edge of the shore. Youre back then? Finally over your little tiff? asked Jay. I walked slowly towards the logs that surrounded the fire which had been used for benches and sat down. So, do you want the steer tour? asked Pete. Sure replied Rhia. I couldnt sleep that night.Not only was it because of the rain gushing down on the tarpaulin but my tooth was still hurting from the frozen cheese cake on the plane. I had never felt so much pain in my life. After a long wait, I at long last drifted into a restless slumber. Two weeks have gone now. The weather is at its hottest and my tan is coming along great. The island wasnt as bad as I though it was when I first arrived. In fact, I love it. Im getting on really well with Jak now and were going out. The only problem is he has spoken about taking our relationship a little further.I dont know if Im ready for it just yet. I havent as yet been down to the dig, my dad oesnt want anyone going down until hes given it the all clear (safety wise. ) Well, todays the day. I can finally go down and see what all the fuss about Damar is all about, Im going down to the dig. Come on then shouted my dad. I knelt down and picked up my bag and some of my dads digging equipment and followed him into the dark wilderness.My tooth was at its worst today. I wasnt really in the mood to go into a cramped, humid cave full of archaeological diggers and have to dig all day. My dad and Pete were some amount of metres ahead of me but didnt know how far I was walking behind. I stopped, and ropped my bags on the floor. Jak wasnt going down to the dig today so I wasnt really that fazed about going. He was spending the day on Karachi beach. Ive decided that I am ready to take our relationship a little further but it has to be at the right time in the right place. I decided to make my way to the beach to see if I could see him. Hi, how are you? asked Jak Im fine now Im here with you. My dad wanted to take me down to the dig today but Im not really that bothered. Id rather be sun- bathing on a beach with the one I love replied Rhia. I looked out at the sparkling blue water. I could see the search swimming around legantly below the surface. It was perfect. Hows your tooth? Its even worse today its really beginning to bug me bear it time, itll drop out soon, trust me, Im a dentist He sat looking at me for some time as if he thinking before he said, Wait here, Ill be back in a bit. I knew what was about to happen, after all we were in the perfect place for it. I time-tested to calm myself but it wasnt working. Some time later he returne d with a smug look on his face. He sat next to me and wrapped his arms around my body. Lay back and close your eyes he whispered softly into my ear. I did as he said and waited for him to say omething.He did the obvious. Before I let him go any further I asked him, will it hurt? Of course not, he replied, its just a simple process Im rather frightened, Ive never done this before. He urged to continue, It wont hurt much more, just relax. I was in a great deal of pain but dared not presentation it. I felt tears come to my eyes. Its hurting something awful. Calm yourself Rhia, open a little wider so I can fit more in Suddenly with a jerk I gave a screeching shout. Now thats it, all over with, he slowly pulled it out. Well what a relief, I think Ill enjoy my holiday even more now that rotten tooths out

How Effective Is the Media in Creating Dissatisfaction in the Body?

How effective is the media in creating dissatisfaction in the system image of teenaged girls? 1. Introductory divide Attention Grabber 75% of teenage girls have a celebrity they look up to for a body image they would like to have according to the National Institute on Media and the Family. description of Body Image Body image refers to ones sense of his or her own material appearance influenced by his/her personal experiences, personality and various social and cultural forces. Thesis Statement The disturbance these days is that the media is constantly and greatly impacting the teenage girls of todays generation who atomic number 18 aged 13 to 19 years of age to having a negative and distorted body image which leads to psycho-physical problems which cause teenagers to go to extremes in ordinance to obtain what they perceive as the perfect body. Question Do you feel ashamed, self-conscious and anxious about your body? If you do non, you have a negative body image and this endeavor is meant for you. 2. Supporting Paragraph 1 proposition Sentence Teenage girls have an increasing appetency to be either ultra-thin or to have more sex appeal under the influence of the media which cause a negative body image. In the powder store, you ignore see what is considered as the perfect woman and what is not the nearly in thing. Teenagers shape how they see themselves based on what they see on television, magazines, newspapers and websites. Media images depicting ultra-thin and digitally adapted women models are the reason for body dissatisfaction in girls.What they see mostly in these advertisements are tall, skinny, perfect, and beautiful women exchange fashionable products. Fashion marketers use provocative marketing campaigns featuring young teenage models such as Abercrombie & foulmart and Guess. These ads are selling more than just clothing to teens. They are also selling adult sexuality. Moreover, the medias trending definition of beauty as po rtrayed in celebrities and models would be having a curvaceous bodyline, and large breasts which purportedly increase the sexuality of a woman. Thus, they would eventually feel that they have to look like these perfect flawless women in order to be considered beautiful, though this perfect appearance is one that few people can ever attain. Teenage girls are influenced and under constant pres authentic to be thin, beautiful and highly sexualized and this brings me to my next point on the severe impact of stimulating marketing campaigns. 3. Supporting Paragraph 2 Topic Sentence Teenage girls are both mentally and physically affected by pursuing such perfect body images as ensued by the media. Pretty pictures we see in magazines are often not what we would see in real life. However, teenagers aspire and go to extremes to get the look. Therefore, the media is responsible for creating ideals about body image and the influenced teenagers suffer from inferiority complex and resort to un healthy practices in order to achieve their erudition of the perfect body. Firstly, the ultimate effect of the media on teenagers would be depression, and a loss of self-esteem. A study in 1995 found that spending 3 minutes looking at models in a fashion magazine caused 70% of the women to feel depressed, guilty and ashamed.Also, it has caused the development of unhealthy eating habits as the media often brings about the center that physical perfection is what we should all strive for if we want to be successful. Being strongly influenced by the media, teenagers who are striving for the perfect body and to achieve a strong sense of achievement by trim back their weight will eventually start eating disorders. Teenage girls in that respectfore follow blindly to achieve the perfect image and suffer from psychological problems such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. refer to page 2 and 3 preteens) These psychological problems then lead to physical problems (refer to page 2 teens) 4. Supporting Paragraph 3 Topic Sentence Not only do teenage girls suffer from psycho-physical problems, but they also go to extreme means and take drastic measures such as formative surgery in order to achieve the perfect body crafted by the media which in turn, creates more health problems for girls. A study through by BBC stated that three-quarters of girls who have had plastic surgery think it has improved their lives and 71% would do it again.During 2010, there were over 93000 people who had the plastic surgery in USA (if they cannot achieve the perfect body naturally, they would sort of do so artificially. ) Many girls want to undergo plastic surgery as they are obsess with creating the perfect body. Thus, they are open about having normalized surgery. A dying young woman, Lisa Connell spent $40,000 on plastic surgery as she strongly desired to die looking like movie star Demi Moore. She was convinced that surgery would make her look as beautiful as Demi Moor e who endorses cosmetic surgery herself. . Concluding Paragraph After considering the points above, one has to agree that the media has negatively impacted teenage girls both mentally and physically and has caused the desire to have the perfect body to take control of their lives. One thing is certain. The media are to be doomed for the 80% of girls who responded to More Magazine that images of women on television and in the movies makes them feel insecure. The term beauty holds antithetic meanings and understandings to every individual teenage girl.The media has a large influence of what society believes is beautiful and what is not and make teenage girls feel insecure and fear that they are not good enough. However, the numerous problems and damaging impacts of such a negative body image are devastating and one must be sure that aspiring for such beauty is not the way to go about life. Inner strength is the rouge towards a happy and successful life and not beauty. We were all crafted and made by God and there is no need to bother about who you are or what you look like. The important thing is to be intimate yourself and that is all that matters.

Friedrich Froebel, Founder of Kindergarten Essay

Friedrich Froebel was a German educator of the 19th century who make growed an Idealist philosophy of early childhood education. He applyed kindergarten and education for quaternary and five-year- venerable children. Kindergarten is now a part of education homowide. Friedrich Froebel was born in the small town of Oberwiessbach, Germany in 1782. His stimulate died when he was a baby. His father remarried, but Froebel never liked his stepmother. His feeling of rejection and isolation remained with him for life. This had a blind drunk effect on his theory of early childhood education.He believed the kindergarten teacher should be loving, kind and motherly. Froebel similarly had an unsatisfactory relationship with his father which, along with his shyness, ca utilize him to be introspective and socially inept (Gutek, 2005, p. 261). Therefore, he cute his kindergarten to foster a sense of worked up security and self-esteem in children (Gutek, 2005, p. 261). At the age of ten, Froe bel went to love with his uncle. As a teenage child, Froebel spent a lot of time melt downing in the garden around his home. This led to his love of nature and had a profound effect on his educational philosophy.When he was fifteen years old, Froebel apprenticed with a forester and surveyor and studied forestry, geometry and surveying in school. He shortly attended the University of Jena from 1800-1802. Then he studied architecture at Frankfurt University. Although he ended his studies without receiving a degree, Froebel gained a sense of artistic perspective and symmetry he later used to design his kindergarten gifts and occupations. dapple in Frankfurt Froebel was hired as a teacher at the Frankfurt Model School, which was a Pestalozzian school. He studied the Pestalozzi method of instruction which emphasized using objects to teach.His method rejected the use of bodily punishment and emphasized respecting the dignity of children. This method of teaching very much appealed to Froebel. Froebel wanted to incorporate Pestalozzis method and creation of a loving and secure environment for children in his own teaching methods. later teaching at the Model School for three years, Froebel studied with Pestalozzi for two more years Froebel likewise decided to study languages and science at the University of G? ttingen. He wanted to identify linguistic structures that could be used in language instruction.During this time he became very interested in geology and mineralogy, and also pursued this in his studies. Froebel believed that the process of crystallization (moving from the simple to the complex) emulated a universal cosmic law that also governed human growth and teaching (Net Industries, 2008, Biography section, 3). He would later incorporate the geometric shapes and formations in crystals to perform his kindergarten gifts. In 1816, Froebel started a school in Griesheim called the Universal German Educational Institute. He enrolled students who we re 7 years old or older.The school eventually moved to Keilhau. The school remained opened until 1829 when it struggled and was tweetd to close. However, Froebel was able to test and develop some of his educational ideas in his school. In 1818 Froebel married Henrietta Hoffmeister. She sh ared Froebels love of children and assisted in his educational work until her death. Froebel established an educational institute at Wartenese in 1831. Later, he was invited to establish an orphans asylum at Burgdorf. Here he conducted a school for the town children and a boarding school for those who lived away.He trained teachers and established a nursery school for 3 and 4 year olds. He positive songs, rhymes, games, physical exercises and other activities for the nursery school. He experimented with the objects and other materials that eventually became his kindergarten gifts. He also stressed play and its role in education. In 1837, at the age of 55, Froebel relocated to Blankenburg and esta blished a new casing of school for early childhood education. He called it kindergarten, or the childrens garden (Smith, 1999, 5).This word ex holeed Froebels vision for early childhood education Children are like tiny flowers they are varied and pick up care, but each is beautiful al single and glorious when seen in the community of peers (Smith, 1999, 6). He used play, songs, stories, and activities to establish an educational environment in which children, by their own activity, could encounter and develop. concord to Froebel, this meant that children, in their development, would learn to go on the divinely established laws of human growth through their own activity (Net Industries, 2008, Biography section, 5).This is where he used his kindergarten gifts and occupations. Gifts were objects Froebel believed had exceptional symbolic potential. Occupations were the raw materials children could use in drawing and building activities that allowed them to concretize their idea s (Gutek, 2005, p. 265). Froebel became famous as an early childhood educator in Germany and by 1848, forty-four kindergartens were operating in Germany. Froebel began training young women as kindergarten teachers. Kindergarten achieved its greatest influence in the United States.It was brought to America by the Germans after the European renewing of 1848. Kindergartens appeared wherever there was a deepr-than-life concentration of German immigrants. Henry Barnard, the front United States Commissioner of Education, introduced Froebels kindergarten into educational literature in the 1850s by including it in the American Journal of Education, of which he was the editor. He also recommended to Congress that a public school system be established for the District of capital of South Carolina that would include kindergartens. In 1873, William Torrey Harris established a kindergarten at a school in St.Louis, Missouri and interconnected it into the public school system. This event led to more public schools incorporating kindergartens into their systems. heretoforetually, Harris became the U. S. Commissioner of Education and he continued to press for the incorporation of kindergartens into public school systems throughout the United States. Before Froebel started his kindergarten, children under the age of seven did non attend school as it was believed that these young children did not have the ability to develop the cognitive and emotional skills needed to learn in a school environment.However, Froebel believed in early childhood education because encyclopedism begins when consciousness erupts, education must also (Pioneers, 2000, 7). In his book, Education of Man, Froebel states the idealist themes of his philosophy (1) all cosmea originates in and with God (2) humans possess an inherent spiritual essence that is the zippyizing life military strength that causes development (3) all beings and ideas are interconnected parts of a grand, ordered, and system atic universe (Net Industries, 2008, Froebels Kindergarten philosophical system section, 1).This is what Froebel based his work on, claiming that each child had an internal spiritual essence a life force (Net Industries, 2008, Froebels Kindergarten Philosophy section, 1). This life force seeks to be manifested through self-activity. He also believed that child development follows the doctrine of preformation, the unfolding of that which was present latently in the individual (Net Industries, 2008, Froebels Kindergarten Philosophy section, 1).Froebels kindergarten created a special educational environment in which this self-activity and development occurred. Froebel used his kindergarten gifts, occupations, social and cultural activities, and especially play to further this self-activity. Froebel also believed that children were to learn that they were members of a great universal, spiritual community (Gutek, 2005, p. 266). Thus the use of games and social activities. According to Froebel, play was essential to educating the young child.He believed that through engaging with the human being, controling would develop. That is why play was so critical it is a creative activity through which children become aware of their place in the world and the world around them. Education was to be based on each childs interests and offhanded activity. The kindergarten teachers job was to create an environment that would stimulate the childs development. She was also to create a safe, secure environment that prevented anything from disturbing this process.It was essential to the kindergarten childrens progress that the teacher did not check the childs free play and individuality. Each child would learn what he was ready to learn when he was ready to learn it. As Froebel states Education in instruction and training, originally and in its first principles, should necessarily be passive, following (only guarding and protecting), not prescriptive, categorical, interfer ing (Sniegoski, 1994, p. 8). Froebel believed the kindergarten should have a pleasant physical environment.He recommended the use of an adjoining garden or a brightly painted room with patternts, animals and pictures. This should also be a prepared environment which would provide the teacher with the proper tools which the teacher felt would be some beneficial to the learning environment. And instead of traditional books, the kindergarten should teach using geometrical play objects of different shapes, sizes and change (gifts). He also believed in symbolism and that if a child played with the gifts, they would help the child to understand fundamental truths. Froebels gifts consisted ofsix soft colored balls a wooden sphere, cube, and cylinder a large cube divided into eight smaller cubes a large cube divided into eight oblong blocks a large cube divided into twenty-one whole, six half, and twelve quarter cubes a large cube divided into eighteen whole oblongs with three divided le ngthwise and three divided breadthways quadrangular and triangular tablets used for arranging figures sticks for outlining figures wire rings for outlining figures various materials for drawing, perforating, embroidering, paper cutting, weaving or braiding, paper folding, modeling, and interlacing.(Net Industries, 2008, The Kindergarten Curriculum section, 1). Also, Froebel designed occupations to be used in the kindergarten. These allowed more freedom and were things that children could shape and manipulate. Examples of occupations are string, sand, clay, and beads. As always, there was an underlying meaning in all that was done in Froebels kindergarten. Even clean up time was seen as a reminder to the child of Gods plan for moral and social order (Nichols, n.d. , Occupations section, 1). Froebels careful study of the nature of children and their part in the world continues to be of great importance, as it opened a door to a new world in childhood education. Froebel attached imp ortance to what originated in children, not merely what adults gave them to do or learn (Sniegoski, 1994, p. 15). He also discovered the educational value of play and the use of new non-book, hands-on materials in teaching children.Froebel provided a theoretical basis for early childhood education that recognized stages of intellectual growth (Sniegoski, 1994, p. 15). The one aspect of Froebels theories that has disappeared for the most part is the mysterious symbolism that overcastted his educational philosophy. However, his ideals of freeing children to develop harmonize to their own interests and needs and giving them a bright, playful, nurturing environment in which to learn remains an important and vital part of early childhood education today.References Gutek, Gerald Lee. (2005). Friedrich Froebel damp of the kindergarten. In Historical and philosophical foundations of education a biographical introduction (4th ed. ) (pp. 256-273). Upper Sadle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc . Lucas, Bill. (2005, October 24). Studying the creation of kindergarten. In Boxes and Arrows The Design Behind the Design, July, 2008. Retrieved July 12, 2008, from http//www. boxesandarrows. com/ slang/studying_the_creation_of_kindergarten. Net Industries. (2008).Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) Biography, Froebels kindergarten philosophy, the kindergarten curriculum, diffusion of the kindergarten. In Education Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from http//education. stateuniversity. com/pages/1999/ Froebel-Friedrich-1782-1852. html. Nichols, Rachel. (n. d. ). Friedrich Froebel Founder of the first kindergarten. Retrieved July 11, 2008 from http//hubpages. com/hub/ Friedrich-Froebel-Founder-of-the-First-Kindergarten. Pioneers in our field Friedrich Froebel Founder of the first kindergarten Electronic version.(2000). Scholastic Early Childhood Today, August, 2000. Retrieved July 11, 2008 from http//www2. scholastic. com/browse/article. jsp? id=3442. Smith, Mark K. (1997). Friedric h Froebel. Retrieved July 12, 2008 from http//www. infed. org/thinkers/et-froeb. htm. Sniegoski, Stephen. (1994). Froebel and early childhood education in America. Retrieved July 12, 2008 from the Educational Resources Information Center Web site http//www. eric. ed. gov/ERICDOCS/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/ 00000196/80/14/19/02. pdf.